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1 FOREIGN NATIONS
[N]GENS (GENTIS) (F) -
2 foreign
ˈfɔrɪn прил.
1) иностранный;
заграничный, зарубежный (расположенный за пределами какого-л. места или страны) foreign nations ≈ иностранные государства Syn: abroad
2) иностранный, внешний (ведущий дела с другими странами, связанный с другими странами) Foreign Office ≈ министерство иностранных дел( в Англии) Foreign Secretary ≈ министр иностранных дел( в Англии) foreign service ≈ дипломатическая служба foreign policy ≈ внешняя политика foreign economic relations ≈ внешнеэкономические связи
3) иностранный, чужой, незнакомый a foreign language ≈ иностранный язык She spoke with a vague foreign accent. ≈ Она говорила с едва заметным акцентом.
4) а) несвойственный, чуждый foreign to his nature and disposition ≈ чуждый его натуре и склонностям Syn: dissimilar б) не относящийся к делу, несоответствующий a purpose foreign from his pursuits ≈ цель, не соответствующая его действиям Syn: irrelevant, inappropriate
5) мед.;
хим. инородный a foreign body in the eye ≈ инородное тело в глазе иностранный, чужеземный;
заграничный, зарубежный - * langauge иностранный язвк - * customs чужеземные обычаи - a person of * birth уроженец иностранного государства - goods of * make товары, произведенные за границей;
иностранные /чужеземные/ товары внешний, иностранный - * minister министр иностранных дел - * trade внешняя торговля - * news зарубежные новости;
сообщения из-за границы - * periodical зарубежное периодическое издание - outgoing * mail почта за границу незнакомый;
чужой - the name was * to me его имя было мне незнакомо (to) чуждый, несоответствующий - * to the purpose не отвечающий данной цели - the question is * to the matter in hand вопрос не относится к рассматриваемому делу - deceit is * to his nature обман несвойствен его натуре (специальное) чужеродный, инородный;
привнесенный, посторонний - * substance примесь > * attachment (юридическое) арест имущества иностранца (в обеспечение сделанных им в Англии долгов) > * letter-paper тонкая почтовая бумага foreign зарубежный ~ мед., хим. инородный ~ инородный ~ иностранный;
зарубежный;
foreign policy внешняя политика ~ иностранный ~ не относящийся к делу;
несоответствующий;
foreign to the matter in hand не имеющий отношения к данному вопросу ~ посторонний ~ чуждый;
lying is foreign to his nature ложь не в его характере ~ чужой, нездешний ~ economic relations внешнеэкономические связи;
foreign traffic международное сообщение ~ problems вопросы внешней политики;
the Foreign Office министерство иностранных дел (в Англии) office: Foreign ~ министерство иностранных дел (Великобритания) ~ иностранный;
зарубежный;
foreign policy внешняя политика policy: foreign ~ внешняя политика foreign ~ международная политика ~ problems вопросы внешней политики;
the Foreign Office министерство иностранных дел (в Англии) Foreign Secretary министр иностранных дел (в Англии) ;
foreign service дипломатическая служба secretary: Foreign Secretary министр иностранных дел (Великобритания) Foreign Secretary министр иностранных дел (в Англии) ;
foreign service дипломатическая служба service: foreign ~ дипломатическая служба foreign ~ иностранная служба ~ не относящийся к делу;
несоответствующий;
foreign to the matter in hand не имеющий отношения к данному вопросу ~ economic relations внешнеэкономические связи;
foreign traffic международное сообщение ~ чуждый;
lying is foreign to his nature ложь не в его характере -
3 foreign
['fɔrɪn]прил.1) иностранный; заграничный, зарубежный (расположенный за пределами какого-л. места или страны)Syn:2) иностранный, внешний (ведущий дела с другими странами, связанный с другими странами)3) иностранный, чужой, незнакомыйShe spoke with a vague foreign accent. — Она говорила с едва заметным иностранным акцентом.
4)а) ( foreign to) несвойственный, чуждый (чему-л. / кому-л.)Syn:б) ( foreign from) не относящийся к делу, несоответствующий (чему-л.)purpose foreign from his pursuits — цель, не соответствующая его действиям
Syn:5) мед.; хим. инородный -
4 Foreign policy
The guiding principle of Portuguese foreign policy since the founding of the monarchy in the 12th century has been the maintenance of Portugal's status first as an independent kingdom and, later, as a sovereign nation-state. For the first 800 years of its existence, Portuguese foreign policy and diplomacy sought to maintain the independence of the Portuguese monarchy, especially in relationship to the larger and more powerful Spanish monarchy. During this period, the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, which began with a treaty of commerce and friendship signed between the kings of Portugal and England in 1386 (the Treaty of Windsor) and continued with the Methuen Treaty in 1703, sought to use England ( Great Britain after 1707) as a counterweight to its landward neighbor, Spain.As three invasions of Portugal by Napoleon's armies during the first decade of the 19th century proved, however, Spain was not the only threat to Portugal's independence and security. Portugal's ally, Britain, provided a counterweight also to a threatening France on more than one occasion between 1790 and 1830. During the 19th century, Portugal's foreign policy became largely subordinate to that of her oldest ally, Britain, and standard Portuguese histories describe Portugal's situation as that of a "protectorate" of Britain. In two key aspects during this time of international weakness and internal turmoil, Portugal's foreign policy was under great pressure from her ally, world power Britain: responses to European conflicts and to the situation of Portugal's scattered, largely impoverished overseas empire. Portugal's efforts to retain massive, resource-rich Brazil in her empire failed by 1822, when Brazil declared its independence. Britain's policy of favoring greater trade and commerce opportunities in an autonomous Brazil was at odds with Portugal's desperate efforts to hold Brazil.Following the loss of Brazil and a renewed interest in empire in tropical Africa, Portugal sought to regain a more independent initiative in her foreign policy and, especially after 1875, overseas imperial questions dominated foreign policy concerns. From this juncture, through the first Republic (1910-26) and during the Estado Novo, a primary purpose of Portuguese foreign policy was to maintain Portuguese India, Macau, and its colonies in Africa: Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau. Under the direction of the dictator, Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, further efforts were made to reclaim a measure of independence of foreign policy, despite the tradition of British dominance. Salazar recognized the importance of an Atlantic orientation of the country's foreign policy. As Herbert Pell, U.S. Ambassador to Portugal (1937-41), observed in a June 1939 report to the U.S. Department of State, Portugal's leaders understood that Portugal must side with "that nation which dominates the Atlantic."During the 1930s, greater efforts were made in Lisbon in economic, financial, and foreign policy initiatives to assert a greater measure of flexibility in her dependence on ally Britain. German economic interests made inroads in an economy whose infrastructure in transportation, communication, and commerce had long been dominated by British commerce and investors. Portugal's foreign policy during World War II was challenged as both Allied and Axis powers tested the viability of Portugal's official policy of neutrality, qualified by a customary bow to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, who served as minister of foreign affairs, as well as prime minister, during 1936-45, sought to sell his version of neutrality to both sides in the war and to do so in a way that would benefit Portugal's still weak economy and finance. Portugal's status as a neutral was keenly tested in several cases, including Portugal's agreeing to lease military bases to Britain and the United States in the Azores Islands and in the wolfram (tungsten ore) question. Portugal's foreign policy experienced severe pressures from the Allies in both cases, and Salazar made it clear to his British and American counterparts that Portugal sought to claim the right to make independent choices in policy, despite Portugal's military and economic weakness. In tense diplomatic negotiations with the Allies over Portugal's wolfram exports to Germany as of 1944, Salazar grew disheartened and briefly considered resigning over the wolfram question. Foreign policy pressure on this question diminished quickly on 6 June 1944, as Salazar decreed that wolfram mining, sales, and exports to both sides would cease for the remainder of the war. After the United States joined the Allies in the war and pursued an Atlantic strategy, Portugal discovered that her relationship with the dominant ally in the emerging United Nations was changing and that the U.S. would replace Britain as the key Atlantic ally during succeeding decades. Beginning in 1943-44, and continuing to 1949, when Portugal became, with the United States, a founding member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Luso-American relations assumed center stage in her foreign policy.During the Cold War, Portuguese foreign policy was aligned with that of the United States and its allies in Western Europe. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the focus of Portuguese foreign policy shifted away from defending and maintaining the African colonies toward integration with Europe. Since Portugal became a member of the European Economic Community in 1986, and this evolved into the European Union (EU), all Portuguese governments have sought to align Portugal's foreign policy with that of the EU in general and to be more independent of the United States. Since 1986, Portugal's bilateral commercial and diplomatic relations with Britain, France, and Spain have strengthened, especially those with Spain, which are more open and mutually beneficial than at any other time in history.Within the EU, Portugal has sought to play a role in the promotion of democracy and human rights, while maintaining its security ties to NATO. Currently, a Portuguese politician, José Manuel Durão Barroso, is president of the Commission of the EU, and Portugal has held the six-month rotating presidency of the EU three times, in 1992, 2000, and 2007. -
5 Foreign and Commonwealth Office
орг.сокр. FCO гос. упр., брит. Министерство иностранных дел (и по делам Содружества) (министерство, ответственное на реализацию политики государства в области международных отношений; образовано в 1968 г.)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > Foreign and Commonwealth Office
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6 foreign policy
внешняя политика
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
foreign policy
The diplomatic policy of a nation in its interactions with other nations. (Source: WEBSTE)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > foreign policy
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7 foreign trade organization
English-Russian base dictionary > foreign trade organization
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8 Association of South-East Asian Nations
Foreign Ministry: ASEANУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Association of South-East Asian Nations
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9 Commonwealth of Nations
орг.пол. Содружество наций (объединение Великобритании и ряда государств, большинство из которых являются ее бывшими колониями и доминионами; большая часть этих стран признает главой государства королеву Великобритании; основано в 1931 г.; в 2007 г. членами содружества являлись 53 страны: Антигуа и Барбуда, Австралия, Багамские Острова, Бангладеш, Барбадос, Белиз, Ботсвана, Бруней, Камерун, Канада, Кипр, Доминика, Фиджи, Гамбия, Гана, Гренада, Гайана, Индия, Ямайка, Кения, Кирибати, Лесото, Малави, Малайзия, Мальдивские острова, Мальта, Маврикий, Мозамбик, Намибия, Науру, Новая Зеландия, Нигерия, Пакистан, Папуа – Новая Гвинея, Сент-Китс и Невис, Сент-Люсия, Сент-Винсент и Гренадины, Самоа, Сейшельские Острова, Сьерра-Леоне, Сингапур, Соломоновы Острова, ЮАР, Шри-Ланка, Свазиленд, Тонга, Тринидад и Тобаго, Тувалу, Уганда, Великобритания, Танзания, Вануату, Замбия)Syn:See:Commonwealth Secretariat, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, High Commission, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, British Commonwealth, Agent General, commission of inquiry, Commonwealth countries, Governor General, Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Old Commonwealth, High Commission, Lieutenant Governor, Westminster System, AnglosphereАнгло-русский экономический словарь > Commonwealth of Nations
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10 United Nations' Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > United Nations' Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards
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11 אה
foreign nations -
12 peregrīnus
peregrīnus adj. [peregre], from foreign parts, strange, foreign, exotic, alien: mulier, H.: caelum, O.: reges: amores, for foreign women, O.: fasti, of foreign nations, O.: divitiae, H.: mores, Iu.: terror, of a foreign enemy, L.—As subst m., a foreigner, stranger: quicum res tibist, peregrinus est, T.: neque civem neque peregrinum.—As subst. a foreign woman: Pro uxore habere peregrinam, T.— Relating to foreign residents: sors, designating a praetor with jurisdiction over foreign residents, L.: provincia, jurisdiction over foreign residents, L.—Fig., strange, unversed: in agendo.* * *Iperegrina, peregrinum ADJforeign, strange, alien; exoticIIforeigner, stranger, alien; foreign woman (F); foreign residents (pl.)III -
13 peregrina
pĕrĕgrīnus, a, um, adj. [peregre], that comes from foreign parts, strange, foreign, exotic (cf.: exter, externus).I.Lit.A.In gen.1.Adj.:2.ad portum mittunt servulos, ancillulas: peregrina navis, etc.,
Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 65:facies,
id. Ps. 4, 2, 9:homo,
id. Poen. 5, 2, 71:mulier,
Hor. C. 3, 3, 20:caelum,
Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 25:amnes,
id. M. 8, 836:arbores,
Plin. 15, 13, 12, § 43:aves,
id. 9, 17, 29, § 63:morbus,
id. 26, 10, 64, § 100:eluamus hodie peregrina omnia,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 19 (668 Ritschl):labor,
i. e. of travelling, Cat. 31, 8:amores,
for foreign women, Ov. H. 9, 47:fasti,
of foreign nations, id. F. 3, 87:divitiae,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 204:mores,
Juv. 6, 298:terror,
of a foreign enemy, Liv. 3, 16:velut peregrinum otium alicui permittere,
almost the leisure of a stranger, Tac. A. 14, 53:peregrina sacra appellantur, quae coluntur eorum more, a quibus sunt accepta,
Fest. p. 237 Müll.—Subst.: pĕrĕgrīnus, i, m., a foreigner, stranger (very freq. and class.; syn.: hospes, advena, alienigena;b.opp. civis): peregrinus ego sum,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 58:peregrini atque advenae,
Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 94:peregrini et incolae officium est,
id. Off. 1, 34:peregrini reges,
id. Sull. 7, 22:ne in nostrā patriā peregrini atque advenae esse videamur,
id. de Or. 1, 58, 249.—pĕrĕgrīna, ae, f., a foreign woman ( poet.), Ter. And. 1, 1, 119; 3, 1, 11.—B.Subst., in partic., opp. to a Roman citizen, a foreign resident, an alien:2.neque civem, neque peregrinum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77: peregrinus fit is, cui aquā et igni interdictum est, Regul. tit. 11; Dig. 28, 5, 6.—As adj.:II.praetor,
who decided causes between foreign residents, Dig. 1, 2, 2; cf. Liv. 21, 15; 45, 16:peregrinus ager est, qui neque Romanus, neque hosticus habetur,
Fest. p. 245 Müll.; cf.:agrorum sunt genera quinque, Romanus, Gabinus, peregrinus, hosticus, incertus, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 33 Müll.:peregrini milites,
Roman troops who were not Roman citizens, Inscr. Orell. 3467 sq.; their quarters in Rome were called, after them, CASTRA PEREGRINA, and were situated in the second region, by the modern S. Stefano Rotondo, ib. 9; cf.Marin. Atti dei Frat. Arv. p. 434 sq.: provincia,
Liv. 40, 44.—Trop., strange, raw, inexperienced (class.):nullā in re tironem ac rudem, nec peregrinum atque hospitem in agendo esse,
Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218; id. Att. 6, 3, 4. -
14 peregrinus
pĕrĕgrīnus, a, um, adj. [peregre], that comes from foreign parts, strange, foreign, exotic (cf.: exter, externus).I.Lit.A.In gen.1.Adj.:2.ad portum mittunt servulos, ancillulas: peregrina navis, etc.,
Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 65:facies,
id. Ps. 4, 2, 9:homo,
id. Poen. 5, 2, 71:mulier,
Hor. C. 3, 3, 20:caelum,
Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 25:amnes,
id. M. 8, 836:arbores,
Plin. 15, 13, 12, § 43:aves,
id. 9, 17, 29, § 63:morbus,
id. 26, 10, 64, § 100:eluamus hodie peregrina omnia,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 19 (668 Ritschl):labor,
i. e. of travelling, Cat. 31, 8:amores,
for foreign women, Ov. H. 9, 47:fasti,
of foreign nations, id. F. 3, 87:divitiae,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 204:mores,
Juv. 6, 298:terror,
of a foreign enemy, Liv. 3, 16:velut peregrinum otium alicui permittere,
almost the leisure of a stranger, Tac. A. 14, 53:peregrina sacra appellantur, quae coluntur eorum more, a quibus sunt accepta,
Fest. p. 237 Müll.—Subst.: pĕrĕgrīnus, i, m., a foreigner, stranger (very freq. and class.; syn.: hospes, advena, alienigena;b.opp. civis): peregrinus ego sum,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 58:peregrini atque advenae,
Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 94:peregrini et incolae officium est,
id. Off. 1, 34:peregrini reges,
id. Sull. 7, 22:ne in nostrā patriā peregrini atque advenae esse videamur,
id. de Or. 1, 58, 249.—pĕrĕgrīna, ae, f., a foreign woman ( poet.), Ter. And. 1, 1, 119; 3, 1, 11.—B.Subst., in partic., opp. to a Roman citizen, a foreign resident, an alien:2.neque civem, neque peregrinum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77: peregrinus fit is, cui aquā et igni interdictum est, Regul. tit. 11; Dig. 28, 5, 6.—As adj.:II.praetor,
who decided causes between foreign residents, Dig. 1, 2, 2; cf. Liv. 21, 15; 45, 16:peregrinus ager est, qui neque Romanus, neque hosticus habetur,
Fest. p. 245 Müll.; cf.:agrorum sunt genera quinque, Romanus, Gabinus, peregrinus, hosticus, incertus, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 33 Müll.:peregrini milites,
Roman troops who were not Roman citizens, Inscr. Orell. 3467 sq.; their quarters in Rome were called, after them, CASTRA PEREGRINA, and were situated in the second region, by the modern S. Stefano Rotondo, ib. 9; cf.Marin. Atti dei Frat. Arv. p. 434 sq.: provincia,
Liv. 40, 44.—Trop., strange, raw, inexperienced (class.):nullā in re tironem ac rudem, nec peregrinum atque hospitem in agendo esse,
Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218; id. Att. 6, 3, 4. -
15 Handel
Handel m GEN commerce, trade (Gewerbe); distributive trades (Absatzwirtschaft); bargain, deal, trading, transaction (Abschluss); traffic (von illegaler Ware) • auf den Handel bezogen WIWI trade-related • den Handel aussetzen BANK suspend trading (an der Börse) • einen Handel erfolgreich abschließen GEN pull off a deal • Handel betreiben GEN trade • Handel treiben WIWI trade* * *m 1. < Geschäft> Gewerbe commerce, trade, trading, Abschluss bargain, deal, transaction, von illegaler Waren traffic; 2. <V&M> distributive trades ■ auf den Handel bezogen <Vw> trade-related ■ den Handel aussetzen < Börse> suspend trading ■ einen Handel erfolgreich abschließen < Geschäft> pull off a deal ■ Handel betreiben <Vw> trade ■ Handel treiben <Vw> trade* * *Handel
commerce, trade, (Abmachung) agreement, (Einzelgeschäft) bargain, business, deal[ing], transaction, (Handelsstand) the traders, (Markt) market, (Tausch) barter, exchange, truck, (Warenaustausch) traffic, trading;
• für den Handel bestimmt commercial;
• im Handel by way of trade, on the market;
• nicht mehr im Handel erhältlich off the market;
• vom Handel abgeschnitten debarred from commerce;
• ambulanter Handel established retail trade, peddlery, pedlary (Br.), peddling;
• ausgedehnter Handel extensive trade;
• außerbörslicher Handel off-market trade;
• auswärtiger Handel foreign trade;
• bilateraler Handel bilateral trade;
• binnenstaatlicher Handel internal (domestic, US, intrastate, US) state;
• blühender Handel roaring trade, commercial prosperity, trade boom;
• darniederliegender Handel languishing trade;
• ehrlicher Handel square deal (coll.), bone-fide bargain;
• eingeschränkter Handel frank trade;
• elektronischer Handel (Internet) electronic (e-) commerce (trading);
• gemischter Handel composite trading;
• inländischer Handel domestic (internal) trade;
• innereuropäischer Handel intra-European trade;
• innergemeinschaftlicher Handel (EU) intra-Community trade;
• inoffizieller Handel (Börse) unofficial trading;
• lebhafter Handel brisk trade;
• Mobiltelefon-basierter Handel M-commerce, mobile commerce;
• mittelständischer Handel small traders (business men);
• schwunghafter Handel flourishing (roaring) trade;
• stockender Handel stagnant trade;
• überseeischer Handel oversea (sea-borne) trade, overseas (transmarine) commerce;
• unerlaubter Handel illicit (clandestine) trade;
• unvorteilhafter Handel bad bargain;
• verbotener Handel illegal dealing;
• virtueller Handel (Internet) virtual trade;
• zwischenstaatlicher Handel interstate commerce, interstate (intrastate, US) trade;
• Handel mit bedrohten (gefährdeten) Arten trade in endangered species;
• Handel mit dem Ausland commerce with foreign nations (US), export trade, foreign commerce;
• Handel in Bezugsrechten rights dealing (US);
• Handel mit Billigerzeugnissen zwecks Umsatzsteigerung trading down (US);
• ekstatischer Handel an der Börse trading frenzy;
• Handel mit Edelmetallen bullion trade;
• Handel in kleineren Effektenabschnitten odd-lot trading (US);
• Handel innerhalb der EU-Länder intracommunity trade;
• Handel zwischen den Einzelstaaten interstate (intrastate) commerce (US);
• Handel mit landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugnissen agricultural trade;
• Handel mit gestohlenen Fahrzeugen vehicle trafficking;
• Handel mit dem Feind trading with the enemy;
• Handel per Flugzeug airborne trade;
• Handel und Gewerbe trade (commerce) and industry;
• Handel per Internet Internet commerce;
• Handel in kleinen Mengen retail trade;
• Handel zwischen Mitgliedstaaten trade between member states;
• geduldeter Handel neutraler Staaten precarious trade;
• Handel im Umherziehen hawking, itinerant trade, peddling, peddlery, pedlary (Br.);
• Handel zwischen einem Unternehmen und dem Endkunden (Konsumenten, Verbraucher) business to customer (B2C);
• Handel der Unternehmen untereinander (E-Geschäft) business to business (B2B);
• Handel und Verkehr trade and transport;
• Handel mit harten Währungen hard-currency trade;
• Handel mit leicht verderblichen Waren perishable traffic;
• Handel mit Waren höherer Preislage und größerer Gewinnspanne trading up (US);
• Handel auf dem Wasserwege water-borne commerce;
• Handel in nicht notierten Werten off-board (-floor) trading (US);
• Handel mit gestohlenen Wertpapieren stolen-securities traffic;
• Handel mit nicht notierten Wertpapieren over-the-counter trading (US);
• Handel mit nicht zum offiziellen Börsenverkehr zugelassenen Wertpapieren over-the-counter market (US);
• Handel und Wirtschaft trade and industry;
• Handel treibend trading, commercial, mercantile;
• nicht Handel treibend uncommercial;
• Handel ableiten to divert trade from a country;
• Handel abschließen to conclude a sale, to strike (bind) a bargain, to consummate a deal;
• Handel aufgeben to quit business;
• Handel aufkündigen to break a bargain;
• Handel aufmachen to open a trade, to set up shop (US);
• Handel behindern to intercept trade;
• Handel wieder beleben to reanimate (revive) trade;
• in den Handel bringen to commercialize;
• sich dem Handel erschließen to open up to trade;
• in den Handel kommen to be marketed;
• guten Handel machen to do a good stroke of business;
• Handel rückgängig machen to rescind a contract;
• im Handel sein to be sold (on the market);
• nicht mehr im Handel zu haben sein to be no longer on the market;
• zum Handel an der Börse zugelassen sein to be accepted for trading (listed, US) at the stock exchange;
• Handel treiben to [carry on (follow) a] trade, to traffic, to market, to handle, to carry on commerce with, to buy and sell, to deal;
• bedeutenden Handel treiben to do a lot of trade;
• unter der Firma... Handel treiben to trade under the name (style) of...;
• wilden Handel treiben to interlope.
abschnüren, Handel
to put a stranglehold on the trade -
16 gens
gens, gentis, f. [root GEN, gigno, that which belongs together by birth or descent], a race or clan, embracing several families united together by a common name and by certain religious rites; orig. only patrician, but, after the granting of the connubium between patricians and plebeians, also plebeian (syn.: familia, stirps, genus; natio, populus).I.Lit.:II.Sulla gentis patriciae (sc. Corneliae) nobilis fuit, familia prope jam exstincta majorum ignaviā,
Sall. J. 95, 3:vera decora, non communiter modo Corneliae gentis, sed proprie familiae suae,
Liv. 38, 58, 3:L. Tarquitius patriciae gentis,
id. 3, 27, 1:apud P. Sestium patriciae gentis virum,
id. 3, 33, 9; 6, 11, 2:cum Marcelli ab liberti filio stirpe, Claudii patricii ejusdem hominis hereditatem, gente ad se rediisse dicerent,
Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 176:gens Tarquiniorum,
id. Rep. 2, 25 fin.:Julia,
Liv. 1, 3, 2: L. Tarquinius duplicavit illum pristinum patrum numerum, et antiquos patres majorum gentium appellavit, quos priores sententiam rogabat;a se ascitos minorum,
Cic. Rep. 2, 20 Mos.; cf. Liv. 1, 35, 6:ex gente Domitia duae familiae claruerunt, Calvinorum et Aenobarborum,
Suet. Ner. 1; cf. Liv. 2, 29, 4:patricii minorum gentium,
Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2; Liv. 1, 47, 7; Capitol. ap. Gell. 10, 20, 5:anni principio de connubio patrum et plebis C. Canuleius tribunus plebis rogationem promulgavit, qua contaminari sanguinem suum patres confundique jura gentium rebantur,
Liv. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. 4, 2, 5; 10, 8, 9: uti Feceniae Hispalae gentis enuptio, tutoris optio esset, etc., the right of marrying out of her gens, id. 39, 19, 5:perjurus, sine gente,
i. e. of no family, of vulgar birth, Hor. S. 2, 5, 15; cf. respecting the Roman gens, Dict. of Antiq.Transf.A.In a manner borrowed from the division of the senators into majorum and minorum gentium (v. above): ipsi illi majorum gentium dii qui habentur, hinc a nobis profecti in caelum reperientur, the superior deities (the consentes), Cic. Tusc. 1, 13, 29:B.Cleanthes, qui quasi majorum est gentium Stoicus,
id. Ac. 2, 41, 126.—Poet., like genus and stirps, of a single descendant, offspring of an entire race:* C.vigilasne, deūm gens, Aenea?
Verg. A. 10, 228 (for which:Dis genite,
id. ib. 9, 642):Tirynthia gens est (i. e. Fabius),
Sil. 7, 35:extrema viri,
the last descendant, id. 2, 185.—In a contemptuous sense, like our tribe, brood, crew:D.si illo die gens ista Clodiana, quod facere voluit, effecisset,
Cic. Sest. 38, 81; so,Clodia,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 1.—In the widest sense = genus, the race; gens humana, the human race, Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 65; Hor. C. 1, 3, 26.—E.Of beasts, etc., a race, herd, brood, swarm ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):F.intestino bello totae gentes consumuntur,
Col. 9, 9, 6:quos (equos) in spem statues summittere gentis,
of the race, breed, Verg. G. 3, 73:utque luat poenas gens haec (i. e. vulpes),
breed, race, Ov. F. 4, 711.—In a more extended sense (as also genos), a race, nation, people (sometimes more restricted than natio and populus, and sometimes put for them; v. in the foll., and cf. Drak. Liv. 23, 42, 1;2.freq. and class.): Qui gentis omnis mariaque et terras movet,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 1: cf.:nos per gentis disparat,
id. ib. v. 10:gradus plures sunt societatis hominum. Ut enim ab illa infinita discedatur, propior est ejusdem gentis, nationis, linguae, qua maxime homines conjunguntur: interius etiam est ejusdem esse civitatis,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 53; cf.:(Deus) non curat singulos homines... ne civitates quidem... ne nationes quidem et gentes,
id. N. D. 3, 39, 93:ita nationis nomen, non gentis evaluisse paulatim,
Tac. G. 2:Suebi, quorum non una gens...propriis adhuc nationibus nominibusque discreti,
id. ib. 38:atrox in Thracia bellum ortum, omnibus ejus gentis nationibus in arma accensis,
Vell. 2, 98:omnes exterae gentes ac nationes,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 11, 31; cf.:per omnes gentes nationesque,
Quint. 11, 3, 87;for which, in an inverted order: exterae nationes ac gentes,
Cic. Font. 11, 25:aut gentes aut populos,
Quint. 11, 1, 86: inter multas regum gentiumque [p. 809] et populorum legationes, Liv. 45, 19, 1; 45, 22, 8; cf.in an inverse order: populi et gentes,
Quint. 12, 2, 3:postquam bello subegit Aequorum magnam gentem et ferocem,
Cic. Rep. 2, 20:Sabina aut Volsca,
id. ib. 3, 4:Transalpinae,
id. ib. 3, 9:Allobrogum,
id. Cat. 4, 6, 12:Nerviorum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 28, 1:Germanorum,
id. ib. 6, 32 init.:Suevorum longe maxima Germanorum omnium,
id. ib. 4, 1, 3;so of the Etruscan nation,
Liv. 5, 1, 6;and in a wider sense than populus: non ex iisdem semper populis exercitus scriptos, quamquam eadem semper gens bellum intulerit,
id. 6, 12, 4; 40, 15, 6; 2, 50, 2.—Also for civitas, the inhabitants of a city or town:Caesar Gomphos pervenit, quod est oppidum primum Thessaliae venientibus ab Epiro, quae gens ultro ad Caesarem legatos miserat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 80, 1:atqui ad hoc, de quo agitur, non quaerimus gentem, ingenia quaerimus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 37 fin.; cf.:gladio pugnacissima gens Romani,
Quint. 9, 3, 8; Liv. 5, 48, 3:Segni Condrusique, ex gente et numero Germanorum,
Caes. B. G. 6, 32, 1:in illa incorrupta maxime gente Aegyptiorum,
Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 14:nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,
id. ib. 1, 17, 26:jus gentium,
id. ib. 1, 2, 2; cf.:quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id... vocatur jus gentium quasi quo jure omnes gentes utuntur,
Gai. Inst. 1, 1.—In partic.a.As a partit. gen., gentium, like terrarum, for the sake of emphasis, in the world, on earth (freq. and class.):b.ubicumque terrarum et gentium violatum jus civium Romanorum sit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:quod ubique gentium est,
id. Rep. 2, 4:ubinam gentium sumus,
where in the world? id. Cat. 1, 4, 9:ubi ubi est gentium?
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 21:obsecro, unde haec gentium?
id. Cist. 4, 1, 16:ubi tu's gentium,
id. Rud. 2, 5, 11:quaerit quod nusquamst gentium,
id. Ps. 1, 4, 9:non hercle quo hinc nunc gentium aufugiam scio,
id. Rud. 3, 5, 44:ubivis gentium agere aetatem quam, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 4:an quisquam usquam gentium est aeque miser?
id. ib. 13:equidem te nisi nunc hodie nusquam vidi gentium,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 54:fratrem nusquam invenio gentium,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 1:abeat multo malo quovis gentium, Quam hic, etc.,
id. Heaut. 5, 1, 55:res est in manibus: tu autem abes longe gentium,
Cic. Att. 6, 3, 1: nostri turannoktonoi longe gentium absunt, id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:ah! minime gentium, non faciam,
by no means, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 44; so,minime gentium,
id. Eun. 4, 1, 11; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 44.—Gentes, opp. to the Romans, foreign nations, foreigners (post-Aug. and rare):c.maneat, quaeso, duretque gentibus si non amor nostri at certe odium sui,
Tac. G. 33; Auct. B. Hisp. 17 fin. —In the eccl. fathers, gentes, like ethnos, opp. to Jews and Christians, pagan nations, heathen, gentiles, Lact. 2, 13 fin.; Vulg. Psa. 2, 1 et saep.— Hence the title of Arnobius's work, Adversus Gentes.—3. -
17 Handel mit dem Ausland
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18 Р-45
РАЗВЕ ЧТО (ТОЛЬКО, ЛИШЬ, ВОТ) 1. (Particle) except for, or possibly except for (the specified thing, person, event etc): except (perhaps (maybe)) (in limited contexts) but only.«Мы прочно засели там в железном доте. Железный - так мы его называли, думали, нас ничто оттуда не вышибет. Разве что - приказ захватить город» (Михайловская 1). "We sat there secure in an iron pillbox. We called it iron because we thought nothing could get us out of it, except perhaps an order to seize the city" (1a)Друзей у него не было. Компании по пьяному делу он не водил - редко, разве что по большим праздникам, пропускал рюмочку (Абрамов 1). Не had no friends. Не did not indulge in drinking sessions—on rare occasions he would down a glass, but only on important holidays (1a).Нет, так не пойдет! Желаете счастья зятю и дочери, а сами не пьете», - упрекнул Кокетай засмущавшегося деда Момуна. «Ну разве что за счастье, я что ж», - заторопился старик (Айтматов 1). ( context transl) "No, no, that will not do! You toast to the happiness of your daughter and your son-in-law and then don't drink yourself," Koketay reproached the embarrassed Momun. "Well, if it's to happiness, sure.. " he mumbled hurriedly (1a).2.subord Conj restr-concessive) except, or possibly except, in the named situation, set of circumstances etcexcept (perhaps (maybe)) when (if, that)(in limited contexts) unless."...Я из квартиры не выеду, ни под каким нажимом. Разве что меня вместе с беременной женой вынесут на руках» (Войнович 3)...1 will not move out of that apartment under any sort of pressure. Except maybe if they carry me and my pregnant wife out in their arms" (3a).«...Тайно, по ночам приторговывает рабами наш князь. Но торгует он рабами из чужеземных народов. Ну разве что иногда его люди прихватят зазевавшегося эндурца» (Искандер 5). "Our prince does trade in slaves secretly, at night. But the slaves he sells are from foreign nations. Well, except that his men occasionally catch an unwary Endursky" (5a). -
19 разве вот
=====1. [Particle]⇒ except for, or possibly except for (the specified thing, person, event etc):- except (perhaps < maybe>);- [in limited contexts] but only.♦ "Мы прочно засели там в железном доте. Железный - так мы его называли, думали, нас ничто оттуда не вышибет. Разве что - приказ захватить город" (Михайловская 1). "We sat there secure in an iron pillbox. We called it iron because we thought nothing could get us out of it, except perhaps an order to seize the city" (fa)♦ Друзей у него не было. Компании по пьяному делу он не водил - редко, разве что по большим праздникам, пропускал рюмочку (Абрамов 1). He had no friends. He did not indulge in drinking sessions - on rare occasions he would down a glass, but only on important holidays (1a).♦ "Нет, так не пойдет! Желаете счастья зятю и дочери, а сами не пьете", - упрекнул Кокетай засмущавшегося деда Момуна. "Ну разве что за счастье, я что ж", - заторопился старик (Айтматов 1). [context transl] "No, no, that will not do! You toast to the happiness of your daughter and your son-in-law and then don't drink yourself," Koketay reproached the embarrassed Momun. "Well, if it's to happiness, sure.. " he mumbled hurriedly (1a).2. [subord conj; restr-concessive]⇒ except, or possibly except, in the named situation, set of circumstances etc:- except (perhaps < maybe> when <if, that>;- [in limited contexts] unless.♦ "...Я из квартиры не выеду, ни под каким нажимом. Разве что меня вместе с беременной женой вынесут на руках" (Войнович 3)....I will not move out of that apartment under any sort of pressure. Except maybe if they carry me and my pregnant wife out in their arms" (За).♦ "...Тайно, по ночам приторговывает рабами наш князь. Но торгует он рабами из чужеземных народов. Ну разве что иногда его люди прихватят зазевавшегося эндурца" (Искандер 5). "Our prince does trade in slaves secretly, at night. But the slaves he sells are from foreign nations. Well, except that his men occasionally catch an unwary Endursky" (5a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > разве вот
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20 разве лишь
=====1. [Particle]⇒ except for, or possibly except for (the specified thing, person, event etc):- except (perhaps < maybe>);- [in limited contexts] but only.♦ "Мы прочно засели там в железном доте. Железный - так мы его называли, думали, нас ничто оттуда не вышибет. Разве что - приказ захватить город" (Михайловская 1). "We sat there secure in an iron pillbox. We called it iron because we thought nothing could get us out of it, except perhaps an order to seize the city" (fa)♦ Друзей у него не было. Компании по пьяному делу он не водил - редко, разве что по большим праздникам, пропускал рюмочку (Абрамов 1). He had no friends. He did not indulge in drinking sessions - on rare occasions he would down a glass, but only on important holidays (1a).♦ "Нет, так не пойдет! Желаете счастья зятю и дочери, а сами не пьете", - упрекнул Кокетай засмущавшегося деда Момуна. "Ну разве что за счастье, я что ж", - заторопился старик (Айтматов 1). [context transl] "No, no, that will not do! You toast to the happiness of your daughter and your son-in-law and then don't drink yourself," Koketay reproached the embarrassed Momun. "Well, if it's to happiness, sure.. " he mumbled hurriedly (1a).2. [subord conj; restr-concessive]⇒ except, or possibly except, in the named situation, set of circumstances etc:- except (perhaps < maybe> when <if, that>;- [in limited contexts] unless.♦ "...Я из квартиры не выеду, ни под каким нажимом. Разве что меня вместе с беременной женой вынесут на руках" (Войнович 3)....I will not move out of that apartment under any sort of pressure. Except maybe if they carry me and my pregnant wife out in their arms" (За).♦ "...Тайно, по ночам приторговывает рабами наш князь. Но торгует он рабами из чужеземных народов. Ну разве что иногда его люди прихватят зазевавшегося эндурца" (Искандер 5). "Our prince does trade in slaves secretly, at night. But the slaves he sells are from foreign nations. Well, except that his men occasionally catch an unwary Endursky" (5a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > разве лишь
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